Cosmetic procedures aren’t always just about appearance—sometimes, there’s a medical reason, too. This is often the case with the belly button, where an umbilical hernia can create a noticeable bulge. A procedure here can serve a dual purpose: fixing the medical problem while also creating a look you love. That’s why a belly button lift is frequently performed with a hernia repair. This comprehensive approach addresses your health and your confidence, ensuring you get the best possible outcome from every angle.
Key Takeaways
- Know what the procedure can (and can’t) do: A belly button lift is a refining procedure designed to improve the navel’s shape and position after events like pregnancy or weight loss. It is not a weight loss surgery and is often combined with other procedures for a more comprehensive result.
- Your surgeon’s skill is your most important investment: Look beyond the price tag and focus on finding a board-certified plastic surgeon with extensive experience in body contouring. Reviewing their before-and-after photos is the best way to ensure their aesthetic style aligns with your goals.
- A smooth recovery depends on your aftercare: Healing is generally straightforward, but your final results are directly linked to how well you follow your post-operative instructions. Prioritize rest and proper incision care to ensure a safe and successful outcome.
So, What Is a Belly Button Lift?
Have you ever felt a little self-conscious about the appearance of your belly button? Whether due to pregnancy, weight loss, or just genetics, the shape and position of the navel can change over time. A belly button lift, known medically as an umbilicoplasty, is a cosmetic procedure designed specifically to enhance the look of your belly button. Think of it as a subtle but impactful refinement that can help you feel more confident in everything from swimwear to crop tops.
This procedure can address several concerns, such as changing a belly button from an “outie” to an “innie,” correcting stretching from a previous piercing, or lifting a navel that has started to droop. It’s a highly personalized surgery that focuses on creating a more aesthetically pleasing shape and position that complements your natural abdominal contours. While it can be performed on its own, it’s also frequently combined with other procedures like a tummy tuck to achieve a more comprehensive result. Our goal at the European Cosmetic Clinic is to help you achieve a look that feels completely natural and true to you.
Is a Belly Button Lift the Same as a Belly Button Tuck?
You might hear a few different terms floating around, but “belly button lift” and “belly button tuck” generally refer to the same procedure: an umbilicoplasty. This cosmetic surgery is all about refining the appearance of your navel. The primary goal is to reshape the belly button, whether that means turning an “outie” into an “innie,” removing a bit of excess skin that causes a droopy look, or tightening the surrounding tissues for a more taut appearance. It’s a procedure focused on subtle details that can make a big difference in how you feel about your midsection. While it can be done on its own, it’s often performed alongside a tummy tuck to create a cohesive and beautifully contoured result.
Understanding the Belly Button’s Function (or Lack Thereof)
Once you’re born, the belly button doesn’t serve a biological function—it’s essentially a scar. Because of this, any surgical changes are purely for aesthetic reasons. People often choose this procedure because they’ve become unhappy with how their navel looks after major life events. Pregnancy, significant weight changes, genetics, and even old piercings can cause the belly button to stretch, protrude, or change shape in ways that make you feel self-conscious. The surgery itself typically involves a small, discreet incision around the navel to correct its appearance, and in some cases, it can also repair a small umbilical hernia that might be causing a bulge. Ultimately, it’s about restoring a look you love so you can feel confident in your own skin.
Breaking Down the Umbilicoplasty Procedure
The thought of surgery can be intimidating, but an umbilicoplasty is a relatively straightforward procedure. Your surgeon will make a small, discreet incision, typically hidden within the natural creases of the belly button itself. This careful placement ensures that any resulting scar is minimally visible once healed. Through this incision, the surgeon can remove a small amount of excess skin, repair any underlying tissue (like a small hernia that might be causing an “outie”), and skillfully reshape or reposition the navel. The entire process is about precision and artistry, sculpting a new belly button that looks balanced and beautiful.
Anesthesia Options: Local vs. General
When preparing for your procedure, one of the first things we’ll discuss is anesthesia. You generally have two options: local or general. Local anesthesia numbs just the treatment area, so you’ll be awake but completely comfortable throughout the surgery. General anesthesia, on the other hand, allows you to sleep through the entire process. The decision often comes down to the specifics of your surgery and what makes you feel most at ease. If your umbilicoplasty is a standalone procedure, local anesthesia is often sufficient. However, if it’s part of a more extensive surgery, we may recommend general anesthesia to ensure your comfort and safety.
The Surgical Technique: Incisions and Sutures
The real artistry of an umbilicoplasty lies in the surgical technique. Your surgeon will make tiny incisions, carefully placed inside or along the natural curve of your belly button to keep them hidden. This meticulous approach is key to achieving a scar that’s practically invisible once you’ve healed. Through these small openings, your surgeon will remove any excess skin and reshape the underlying tissue to create your desired look. It’s a delicate process of sculpting and refining that requires a skilled hand. Finally, fine sutures are used to close the incisions, securing your new belly button shape as it heals. This attention to detail is a hallmark of the care you’ll receive from our board-certified surgeon.
How Long Does the Surgery Take?
You might be surprised to learn that a belly button lift is a relatively quick procedure. On its own, the surgery typically takes about one to two hours from start to finish. The exact timing depends on the complexity of the reshaping needed to achieve your goals. Of course, if you’re combining your umbilicoplasty with another procedure, such as a tummy tuck or liposuction, your time in the operating room will be longer. During your consultation at our European Cosmetic Clinic, we’ll give you a clear and personalized timeline so you know exactly what to expect on the day of your surgery.
Are You a Good Candidate for This Surgery?
A belly button lift might be right for you if you’re in good overall health and have specific concerns about your navel’s appearance. Ideal candidates are typically at a stable, healthy weight and are non-smokers, as smoking can interfere with the healing process. It’s also best if you are not pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the near future, as pregnancy can stretch the abdominal area and alter the results. The most important factor is having realistic expectations about what the surgery can achieve. The best way to know for sure is to schedule a consultation where we can discuss your goals.
Belly Button Lift: Myths vs. Facts
Let’s clear up a few common misconceptions. First, a belly button lift is not a weight loss procedure. While it enhances the appearance of your stomach, it’s designed for contouring, not for removing significant amounts of fat. Another myth is that it’s the same as a tummy tuck. While the two are often performed together, an umbilicoplasty is a much more focused surgery that only addresses the navel area. A tummy tuck, or abdominoplasty, is a more extensive procedure that tightens abdominal muscles and removes excess skin from the entire midsection. Understanding these differences is key to choosing the right procedure for your body.
Why Consider a Belly Button Lift?
It might seem like a small detail, but the appearance of your belly button can have a big impact on how you feel about your stomach. For many people, life events like pregnancy, weight loss, or even a previous piercing can change its shape in ways they aren’t happy with. Others may have medical concerns, like a hernia, that affect the area. A belly button lift, or umbilicoplasty, is a procedure designed to address these issues.
Whether your goal is to restore a more youthful or symmetrical look, feel more confident in a swimsuit, or resolve a functional problem, this surgery offers a targeted solution. It’s about more than just aesthetics; it’s about feeling comfortable and whole in your own body. Understanding the specific reasons why you might consider an umbilicoplasty can help you decide if it’s the right step for you.
Achieving Specific Aesthetic Goals
Everyone has a unique vision for their ideal body, and sometimes the smallest details make the biggest difference. A belly button lift is a highly customizable procedure that allows a surgeon to address very specific aesthetic concerns. Whether you’re looking to refine the shape, size, or orientation of your navel, this surgery is all about precision. It’s not a one-size-fits-all solution; it’s a tailored approach to help you achieve the exact look you want. Let’s explore some of the most common aesthetic goals that an umbilicoplasty can help you reach, turning your vision into a reality.
Creating a Smaller or Vertically-Oriented Shape
One of the most common requests is to create a navel that is smaller, more refined, and vertically oriented. A youthful-looking stomach is often associated with a vertically-aligned, oval-shaped belly button. Over time, factors like weight fluctuations or pregnancy can cause the navel to widen or appear more horizontal. An umbilicoplasty is a subtle but impactful refinement that can reshape the navel, removing a small amount of surrounding skin to create that more delicate, vertical appearance. This small change can dramatically improve the overall harmony of your abdomen, helping you feel more confident in your favorite outfits.
Correcting a “Hooded” Belly Button
A “hooded” belly button occurs when there is excess skin along the upper rim of the navel, causing it to fold over and obscure the inside. This can be a result of genetics, skin laxity after pregnancy, or significant weight loss. During an umbilicoplasty, the surgeon makes a careful incision, often hidden along the top edge of the belly button, to remove this excess skin. In some cases, this procedure also involves repairing a small underlying separation in the tissue that contributes to the protrusion. The result is a more open, symmetrical, and aesthetically pleasing navel that sits flat against the abdomen.
Addressing Changes from Genetics, Scars, or Trauma
Sometimes, dissatisfaction with a belly button has nothing to do with life events like pregnancy or weight changes. Many people are simply born with a navel shape they don’t love, whether it’s an “outie” caused by a small umbilical hernia or just a shape that feels disproportionate to their abdomen. Others may have scarring from a previous piercing that has stretched or torn, or from a past surgery like a laparoscopy. These are all concerns that can be beautifully and permanently addressed with belly button surgery.
In these situations, the procedure is less about “lifting” and more about reconstruction. The goal is to reshape, reposition, or even recreate the belly button to give it a more natural and pleasing appearance. A skilled surgeon can revise scar tissue, repair underlying hernias, and sculpt a new navel that looks completely authentic. This level of artistry requires a deep understanding of anatomy and aesthetics, which is why choosing a surgeon with extensive European and American experience is so important. It’s about restoring a look that feels right for you, regardless of the reason.
Refine Your Stomach’s Appearance
A belly button lift is a cosmetic procedure specifically designed to reshape and reposition the navel for a more aesthetically pleasing look. Life can change your body, and sometimes the belly button shows it—excess skin after pregnancy or weight loss can create a droopy or elongated shape, while natural anatomy might result in an “outie” that you’d prefer to be an “innie.” An umbilicoplasty can correct these changes, creating a smaller, more vertically oriented, or more proportional belly button that complements the rest of your abdomen. Our goal at the European Cosmetic Clinic is to create a natural-looking result that helps you feel great about your stomach’s overall appearance.
Feel More Confident in Your Own Skin
Feeling self-conscious about any part of your body can hold you back. If you find yourself strategically choosing high-waisted swimsuits or avoiding crop tops because of your belly button, you’re not alone. Many people feel this way due to scarring from an old piercing, a shape they’ve never liked, or changes they can’t control. A belly button lift can be a powerful way to reclaim your confidence. By refining the appearance of your navel, this procedure can help you stop thinking about it and start feeling free to wear what you want. We believe that feeling good on the outside is deeply connected to your inner confidence, and our team is here to support you through that process.
When It’s About More Than Just Looks
Sometimes, the reasons for considering a belly button lift go beyond cosmetic preferences. The procedure can also address medical issues, most commonly an umbilical hernia. A hernia happens when part of the intestine or abdominal tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles near the navel, creating a bulge. This can be uncomfortable and may require surgical repair. An umbilicoplasty is often performed in conjunction with a hernia repair to not only fix the underlying medical problem but also to restore a normal, natural-looking belly button afterward. This approach ensures both your health and aesthetic goals are met within our comprehensive treatment clinics.
Alternatives to a Belly Button Lift
While a belly button lift is an excellent solution for many, surgery isn’t always the first or only answer. Depending on your specific concerns and goals, there are several other paths you can explore. From non-invasive treatments that tighten the skin to lifestyle changes that can improve muscle tone, understanding the full range of options is the best way to make a confident and informed decision about your body. It’s always a good idea to consider less invasive approaches first or to think about what might complement a surgical procedure. Let’s look at some of the most common alternatives to an umbilicoplasty.
Non-Surgical Skin Tightening Options
If your main concern is mild skin laxity around your navel, you might be a great candidate for a non-surgical approach. Advanced treatments that use radiofrequency or ultrasound technology can effectively tighten skin without any incisions or downtime. These procedures work by gently heating the deeper layers of your skin, which helps to stimulate collagen production—the protein responsible for keeping your skin firm and elastic. Over the following weeks and months, you’ll notice a gradual improvement in skin texture and tightness. While the results are more subtle than surgery, it’s a fantastic option for those seeking a less invasive way to refine their stomach’s appearance. We can help you determine if you’re a candidate for these treatments during a personal consultation.
Can Exercise Improve a Saggy Belly Button?
This is a question that comes up a lot, and the answer is yes—to an extent. While exercise can’t remove loose skin, it can significantly improve the underlying muscular support structure of your abdomen. Consistently strengthening the abdominal muscles through exercises like planks, leg raises, and crunches helps create a firmer, flatter canvas. When your core muscles are tight and strong, they provide better support for the overlying skin, which can help reduce the appearance of sagging around the belly button. Think of it as building a better foundation. For many, a dedicated fitness routine is a powerful first step and a great way to maintain results after any cosmetic procedure.
Belly Button Removal: The Umbilectomy Option
On the other end of the spectrum is a procedure known as an umbilectomy, which removes the belly button entirely. This is a much less common alternative and is typically performed for specific medical reasons, such as repairing a complicated hernia, treating certain cancers, or addressing recurring infections. In some cases, individuals also choose this procedure as a form of body modification for personal aesthetic reasons. An umbilectomy results in a smooth, uninterrupted abdominal surface. Because it permanently alters the classic anatomy of the stomach, it’s a significant decision that requires a very thorough discussion with a board-certified surgeon to fully understand the outcome and ensure it aligns with your long-term goals.
How Much Does a Belly Button Lift Cost?
Thinking about the cost of any cosmetic procedure is a practical and important step in your decision-making process. While the final price of a belly button lift, or umbilicoplasty, can vary, understanding the components that make up the total cost will help you plan and make an informed choice. It’s not just about a single number, but about the comprehensive care, safety, and expertise you receive.
What Determines the Final Cost?
The national average for a belly button lift is around $2,600, but it can range anywhere from $2,000 to over $5,000. This variation comes down to a few key factors. The surgeon’s experience and your geographic location play a significant role, as do the fees for the surgical facility and anesthesia. The complexity of your specific procedure also matters. For instance, a simple reshaping will cost less than a more involved surgery, especially if it’s combined with another procedure like a tummy tuck. When you choose a surgeon, you are investing in their specific skill set and artistry, which is the most critical factor in achieving the results you want.
Can You Use Insurance or Financing?
One of the most common questions is whether health insurance will cover a belly button lift. In most cases, the answer is no. Because umbilicoplasty is typically considered a cosmetic procedure, it’s not covered by insurance plans. However, there is an exception: if the surgery is performed to repair a medical issue like an umbilical hernia, it may be deemed medically necessary and could be eligible for coverage. For cosmetic procedures, many clinics offer financing plans to make the cost more manageable. We recommend you get in touch with our office to discuss the specific payment and financing options available to you.
Why the Cheapest Option Isn’t Always Best
While it’s tempting to shop around for the lowest price, it’s essential to prioritize value and safety. A lower price tag can sometimes come with compromises in surgeon expertise, facility standards, or the quality of your care. The total cost reflects not just the procedure itself but the entire experience—from your initial consultation to your post-operative follow-ups. Choosing a board-certified surgeon at one of our accredited specialty clinics ensures you receive the highest standard of care. This investment in quality is the best way to ensure your safety, minimize risks, and achieve beautiful, lasting results you’ll be happy with for years to come.
How to Choose the Right Surgeon for You
The single most important factor in the success of your belly button lift is the surgeon you choose. This decision goes beyond just finding someone with the right qualifications; it’s about finding a skilled artist and a trusted partner for your health journey. A great surgeon combines technical precision with an artistic eye to create a result that looks beautiful and, most importantly, natural. They understand the subtle contours of the body and how to tailor a procedure to your unique anatomy.
Taking the time to carefully vet your options will give you confidence and peace of mind. Think of it as an investment in your safety and your final results. Rushing into a decision or choosing based on price alone can lead to disappointment and may even require corrective surgery down the road. The right surgeon will make you feel informed, comfortable, and excited about your transformation. They will listen to your goals, answer all your questions honestly, and set realistic expectations. Let’s walk through the essential steps to finding a surgeon who is the perfect fit for you and your goals, ensuring you feel supported every step of the way.
Why Board Certification Is Non-Negotiable
First things first: your surgeon must be board-certified. This is the absolute baseline. When a surgeon is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS), it means they have completed years of rigorous, specialized training in plastic and reconstructive surgery. It’s a guarantee of their expertise, commitment to safety, and adherence to the highest ethical standards. While any licensed physician can legally perform cosmetic procedures, only a board-certified plastic surgeon has this specific, in-depth training. You can learn more about our surgeon’s extensive European and American credentials to see what a difference this level of experience makes.
The Importance of ASPS Membership
Once you’ve confirmed a surgeon is board-certified, take one more step and check for membership in the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). This isn’t just another line on a resume; it’s a powerful signal of a surgeon’s commitment to their craft. ASPS members are held to an incredibly high standard, including a strict code of ethics and an unwavering focus on patient safety. It’s an extra layer of confidence for you, knowing your surgeon is part of an elite group dedicated to excellence in a field where your health and aesthetic results are paramount.
This dedication goes beyond the operating room. ASPS membership also means your surgeon is committed to lifelong learning. They have access to the latest research, advanced techniques, and evolving safety protocols through the society’s educational resources. These ongoing benefits of membership mean your surgeon is always at the top of their game, which translates directly into better, safer care for you. Choosing an ASPS surgeon is choosing someone who voluntarily holds themselves to the highest possible standards to protect patients.
Does Your Surgeon Specialize in This Area?
Beyond board certification, you want a surgeon who has deep experience with body contouring procedures. A belly button lift is a procedure of finesse, requiring a keen understanding of abdominal aesthetics to create a natural shape. Don’t be shy about asking how many umbilicoplasties or tummy tucks the surgeon performs. A surgeon who frequently handles these types of procedures will have a more refined technique. This specialized focus, like the kind offered at our Comprehensive Breast Clinic or Face & Neck Clinic, ensures your surgeon has a mastery of the specific skills needed for your surgery.
What to Look for in Before-and-After Photos
A surgeon’s past work is the best indicator of your future results. Always ask to see their portfolio of before-and-after photos, paying close attention to belly button lifts and tummy tucks. Look for consistency in their results and an aesthetic that matches what you’re hoping to achieve. Do the outcomes look natural? Are the scars well-placed and discreet? Try to find photos of patients who had a similar starting point to you. Reading patient reviews and testimonials can also provide valuable insight into the surgeon’s bedside manner and the quality of care you can expect from the entire team.
Red Flags to Watch For When Choosing a Surgeon
Always trust your intuition. If a consultation feels more like a high-pressure sales pitch than a medical discussion, that’s a major red flag. Other warning signs include a lack of board certification, vague answers to your questions, or an unwillingness to show you plenty of before-and-after photos. A professional and ethical practice will always be transparent and prioritize your education and comfort. Your consultation is your opportunity to build a rapport. If you don’t feel completely comfortable, heard, and respected, it’s best to keep looking. When you’re ready to speak with a team that values your safety and goals, we invite you to contact us to schedule a consultation.
What to Expect During Your Recovery
Once your belly button lift is complete, your focus will shift to healing. A smooth recovery is just as important as the surgery itself for achieving the results you want. Your body needs time to rest and repair, and following your surgeon’s guidance is the best way to support that process. We will provide you with a detailed, personalized aftercare plan, but here’s a general overview of what you can expect during the healing phase.
Your Week-by-Week Healing Timeline
While everyone heals at their own pace, the recovery for an umbilicoplasty is typically straightforward. You’ll need to take it easy and limit your activities for about two to three weeks. In the first few days, rest will be your top priority. You can expect some swelling and bruising, which is completely normal. By the end of the first week, you’ll likely feel much more like yourself. As you move into the second and third weeks, you can gradually return to your daily routine, though you should still avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting until your surgeon gives you the green light.
The First Few Days: A Quicker Return to Normalcy
The first few days after your procedure are all about giving your body the rest it needs to heal. You can expect some mild swelling, bruising, and discomfort around the navel, but this is a normal part of the process and is typically well-managed with prescribed medication. Your main job is to take it easy—this means avoiding any bending, straining, or lifting. We will provide you with detailed instructions on how to care for the incision site to keep it clean and protected. While you’ll need to relax, most patients are up and walking around comfortably within a day or two, which is great for circulation.
When Will You See the Final Results?
You’ll notice an immediate improvement in your belly button’s shape, but the final, refined results will emerge over the next few weeks as the swelling completely subsides. Most people feel ready to return to a desk job and light daily activities after about a week. However, it’s crucial to continue avoiding strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for at least four to six weeks, or until you get the official go-ahead from your surgeon. Patience is key during this time. Our team at the European Cosmetic Clinic will guide you through each stage of your recovery, ensuring you heal beautifully and achieve a result you love.
My Top Tips for an Easier Recovery
Following your post-operative instructions is essential for a complication-free recovery. The most important rule is to keep the surgical area clean and dry to prevent infection. We will show you exactly how to care for the incision. It’s also crucial to watch for any signs of infection, such as a fever, unusual discharge, or increased redness and pain. If you notice anything concerning, please contact our clinic right away. Attending all your follow-up appointments allows us to monitor your progress and ensure you’re healing beautifully.
Is It Painful? How to Stay Comfortable
It’s normal to experience some mild tenderness, swelling, and bruising around your belly button after the procedure. For most patients, this discomfort is easily managed with over-the-counter pain medication. We will discuss the best options for you before you head home. Wearing loose, comfortable clothing that doesn’t rub against your stomach can also make a big difference in your comfort. Depending on your surgeon’s advice, you might also use a cold compress to help reduce swelling in the first couple of days. Any significant pain is uncommon, so be sure to let us know if you experience it.
A Transparent Look at the Potential Risks
Every surgical procedure comes with potential risks, and it’s important to be fully informed. While serious complications from a belly button lift are rare, they can include infection, bleeding, scarring, or dissatisfaction with the cosmetic outcome. Choosing a highly qualified, board-certified surgeon is the single best way to minimize these risks. Our team is committed to the highest standards of patient safety and care, from your initial consultation to your final follow-up. We will discuss all potential risks with you and answer every question to ensure you feel confident and secure in your decision.
Understanding the Risk of Slow Healing
While most people heal without any issues, it’s important to know that certain factors can slow down your body’s recovery process. Things like smoking, poor nutrition, or underlying health conditions can interfere with your body’s ability to repair itself efficiently. When healing is delayed, it doesn’t just mean a longer recovery period; it can also increase the risk of complications like infection or more noticeable scarring, which can ultimately affect your final cosmetic result. The best way to support a smooth recovery is by following your post-operative instructions to the letter. This is where the expert guidance from your surgeon becomes so critical, as their personalized plan is designed to help you heal properly and achieve the beautiful outcome you’re looking for.
Related Articles
- Tummy Tuck | Advanced Cosmetic & Aesthetic Surgery Center
- Extremities Tuck | Advanced Cosmetic & Aesthetic Surgery Center
- Breast Lift & Breast Reductions | Advanced Cosmetic & Aesthetic Surgery Center
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get a belly button lift at the same time as another surgery? Yes, and it’s quite common. An umbilicoplasty is frequently performed along with a tummy tuck or liposuction to create a cohesive and refined look for the entire abdomen. Combining procedures can be a great way to address multiple concerns in a single surgery and recovery period. During your consultation, we can discuss all your goals to create a surgical plan that is tailored specifically to you.
How long will my results last? The results of a belly button lift are considered permanent, as the structural changes made to the navel will not reverse on their own. However, it’s important to remember that future life events can affect the appearance of your stomach. Significant weight fluctuations or pregnancy can stretch the skin and tissues again, which could alter your results. Maintaining a stable, healthy lifestyle is the best way to ensure your new look lasts for years to come.
Will I have a noticeable scar? A top priority for any skilled plastic surgeon is to minimize scarring. For a belly button lift, the incisions are very small and strategically placed within the natural creases and shadows of the navel itself. This technique helps camouflage the scar as it heals. While all surgery results in some scarring, this careful placement ensures that once it fully matures and fades, it should be very discreet and difficult for anyone to notice.
Is the recovery process painful? Most patients describe the feeling after surgery as mild tenderness or discomfort rather than significant pain. Any soreness is typically at its peak for the first couple of days and can be easily managed with standard over-the-counter pain medication. We will make sure you have a clear plan to manage your comfort before you go home.
How soon can I go back to the gym? You’ll need to give your body time to heal before jumping back into your workout routine. While gentle walking is encouraged soon after surgery, you should plan to avoid all strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, and core-focused movements for at least three to four weeks. Your surgeon will provide you with a personalized timeline and clear you to return to the gym once you are sufficiently healed.
Recent Comments